Application

Cytochrome c from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used in oocyte injection to induce caspase-3 activation and p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase). It has also been used to analyze the aerobic reactions of nitric oxide.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Cytochromec(Cytc) participates in mitochondrial electron transport and intrinsic type II apoptosis. It plays a key role in aerobic energy production. This multi-functional enzyme serves as a single electron carrier. Cytc helps in the formation of the apoptosome.

The ready fluctuation of cytochrome c within the cell between ferrous and ferric states, makes it an efficient biological electron-transporter. It plays a vital role in cellular oxidations in both plants and animals. Generally regarded as a universal catalyst of respiration, it forms the essential electron-bridge between the respirable substrates and oxygen. Tracking cellular localization of cytochrome c in S. cerervisiae demonstrates that mitochondria are strongly involved in programmed cell death, a process very similar to apoptosis in higher organisms.

General description

Cytochromec(Cytc) comprises 104 amino acids and is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein. This peripheral membrane protein is in spherical shape and has a molecular weight of 12,000 Da.

Other Notes

View more information on cytochrome c and electron transport at www.sigma-aldrich.com/enzymeexplorer.

Packaging

25, 100 mg in poly bottle

Preparation Note

Prepared without using TCA.

Quality

Care has been taken to maintain the native form of the protein. It has not been artificially oxidized or reduced during purification. Contains variable amounts of reduced cytochrome c.